LESSON 77
PEER-TO-PEER
PEER-TO-PEER FUNCTIONS
Peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a network with all the nodes acting as both servers and clients. A PC can access files located on another PC and can also provide files to other PCs.
A P2P network usually uses twisted-pair or coaxial cable because these cables are cheaper and easier to work with.
P2P network is the best choice to set up a network with less than 10 computers.
P2P network is easier to manage as long as there are network cards installed on the PCs and connection can be done with a network cable. To share the resources, each PC must have the necessary program.
There is no central server or central router managing a P2P network.
Wireless networking can be an example of a P2P network as you only need a wireless card,
connect it to an existing wireless network and resources can be shared
Limewire, Bearshare and Kazaa are all examples of software applications for peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing.
CLIENT / SERVER (Lesson 76)
LESSON 76
CLIENT / SERVER
CLIENT / SERVER NETWORK
On a client/server network, shared files and applications are stored in the server but network users can still store files on their individual PCs.
A smaller client/server network uses twisted-pair or coaxial cables for networking but a larger and powerful network will use fibre optics. A client/server network is suitable for connecting 10 or more computers.
SERVER
A server is sometimes called a host computer. A server is a computer that provides services to other computers called clients. A server controls access to the hardware, software and other resources on the network.
It provides a centralised storage area for programs, data and information.
DEDICATED SERVER
Dedicated servers perform specific tasks and usually execute only one job.
For example, a file server stores and manages files, a print server manages printers and print jobs. A database server stores and provides access to a database. A network server manages network traffic.
CLIENT
The client computers are computers on the network that rely on the server for its resources and services.
Client computers send requests to a server for resources or services to perform their job. For example, a client computer can send a request asking permission to use the printer attached to the server, to print a document. Usually a client computer has to log onto the network using a user name and password to use the server’s resources and services.
For example, you have to be a TMnet or Jaring member to use the internet service. You need to logon to TMnet or Jaring’s server by sending your username and password.
CLIENT / SERVER
CLIENT / SERVER NETWORK
On a client/server network, shared files and applications are stored in the server but network users can still store files on their individual PCs.
A smaller client/server network uses twisted-pair or coaxial cables for networking but a larger and powerful network will use fibre optics. A client/server network is suitable for connecting 10 or more computers.
SERVER
A server is sometimes called a host computer. A server is a computer that provides services to other computers called clients. A server controls access to the hardware, software and other resources on the network.
It provides a centralised storage area for programs, data and information.
DEDICATED SERVER
Dedicated servers perform specific tasks and usually execute only one job.
For example, a file server stores and manages files, a print server manages printers and print jobs. A database server stores and provides access to a database. A network server manages network traffic.
CLIENT
The client computers are computers on the network that rely on the server for its resources and services.
Client computers send requests to a server for resources or services to perform their job. For example, a client computer can send a request asking permission to use the printer attached to the server, to print a document. Usually a client computer has to log onto the network using a user name and password to use the server’s resources and services.
For example, you have to be a TMnet or Jaring member to use the internet service. You need to logon to TMnet or Jaring’s server by sending your username and password.
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE (Lesson 75)
LESSON 75
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
TYPES OF NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Network architecture is the overall design of a computer network that describes how a computer network is configured and what strategies are being used.
Network architecture mainly focuses on the functions of the networks. Network architecture is also known as network model or network design.
There are two main network architectures:
client/server network
peer-to-peer network
CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK
A client/server network is a network in which the shared files and applications are stored in the server but network users (clients) can still store files on their individual PCs.
A server is a computer that shares information and resources with other computers on a network. A client is a computer which requests services or files from a server computer.
PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK
Peer-to-peer or P2P network is a network with all the nodes acting as both servers and clients. A PC can access files located on another PC and can also provide files to other PCs.
All computers in the peer-to-peer network has equal responsibilities and capabilities to use the resources available on the network.
With peer-to-peer network, no server is needed; each computer in the network is called a peer.
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
TYPES OF NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Network architecture is the overall design of a computer network that describes how a computer network is configured and what strategies are being used.
Network architecture mainly focuses on the functions of the networks. Network architecture is also known as network model or network design.
There are two main network architectures:
client/server network
peer-to-peer network
CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK
A client/server network is a network in which the shared files and applications are stored in the server but network users (clients) can still store files on their individual PCs.
A server is a computer that shares information and resources with other computers on a network. A client is a computer which requests services or files from a server computer.
PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK
Peer-to-peer or P2P network is a network with all the nodes acting as both servers and clients. A PC can access files located on another PC and can also provide files to other PCs.
All computers in the peer-to-peer network has equal responsibilities and capabilities to use the resources available on the network.
With peer-to-peer network, no server is needed; each computer in the network is called a peer.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TYPES OF NETWORK (Lesson 74)
LESSON 74
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TYPES OF NETWORK
SETTING UP COST
Setting up a MAN network is more expensive than a LAN but less than a WAN. Managers have to consider the cost of buying the necessary hardware, software, medium and maintenance service for the desired network.
NETWORK SIZE
The network size of a MAN falls between LAN and WAN. As you know, a LAN usually covers only a limited area such as a school lab; a MAN will cover a greater area such as a city while a WAN will cover the largest geographical area such as the size of Malaysia.
SPEED
LAN offers the best speed in transmitting information followed by MAN and WAN. In addition, LANs are capable of transmitting data at very fast rates, much faster than data which is transmitted over a telephone line although the distances are limited.
LAN is also frequently used to provide a shared connection to other networks using a link to a WAN.
A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow sharing of regional resources (similar to a large LAN). For larger network coverage, MAN is a better choice for a higher speed connection compared to a WAN.
TRANSMISSION MEDIA
A LAN uses the cheapest transmission media compared to MAN and WAN. Generally LAN only uses communication media such as twisted-pair cables.
CONNECTION LIMIT
The number of computers that can be attached to a single LAN is limited.
A MAN can have a large number of computers compared to a LAN but less
than a WAN. A WAN can have up to billions of computers attached to it.
COMPARISON OF LAN, MAN AND WAN
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TYPES OF NETWORK
SETTING UP COST
Setting up a MAN network is more expensive than a LAN but less than a WAN. Managers have to consider the cost of buying the necessary hardware, software, medium and maintenance service for the desired network.
NETWORK SIZE
The network size of a MAN falls between LAN and WAN. As you know, a LAN usually covers only a limited area such as a school lab; a MAN will cover a greater area such as a city while a WAN will cover the largest geographical area such as the size of Malaysia.
SPEED
LAN offers the best speed in transmitting information followed by MAN and WAN. In addition, LANs are capable of transmitting data at very fast rates, much faster than data which is transmitted over a telephone line although the distances are limited.
LAN is also frequently used to provide a shared connection to other networks using a link to a WAN.
A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow sharing of regional resources (similar to a large LAN). For larger network coverage, MAN is a better choice for a higher speed connection compared to a WAN.
TRANSMISSION MEDIA
A LAN uses the cheapest transmission media compared to MAN and WAN. Generally LAN only uses communication media such as twisted-pair cables.
CONNECTION LIMIT
The number of computers that can be attached to a single LAN is limited.
A MAN can have a large number of computers compared to a LAN but less
than a WAN. A WAN can have up to billions of computers attached to it.
COMPARISON OF LAN, MAN AND WAN
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) (Lesson 73)
LESSON 73
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN) is the largest network of all network types. The Internet is the largest WAN in the world. WAN generally covers large distances such as states, countries or continents.
An example in the society using WAN is the banking organisation. Local banks have always maintained their business online by connecting all computers of their branches in the countries. International banks also use WAN to connect their computers all over the world.
Actually, WAN is a group of MANs or LANs or the mixture of both networks.
A device called a router is needed to connect the MANs and LANs all over a large physical area. A router is a special networking device that connects two or more different networks and keeps data flowing between them.
A router makes all the different networks communicate, such as connecting LAN to LAN, LAN to WAN or WAN to WAN.
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN) is the largest network of all network types. The Internet is the largest WAN in the world. WAN generally covers large distances such as states, countries or continents.
An example in the society using WAN is the banking organisation. Local banks have always maintained their business online by connecting all computers of their branches in the countries. International banks also use WAN to connect their computers all over the world.
Actually, WAN is a group of MANs or LANs or the mixture of both networks.
A device called a router is needed to connect the MANs and LANs all over a large physical area. A router is a special networking device that connects two or more different networks and keeps data flowing between them.
A router makes all the different networks communicate, such as connecting LAN to LAN, LAN to WAN or WAN to WAN.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) (Lesson 72)
LESSON 72
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
First, you have to understand the word metropolitan. Metropolitan describes
important cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Singapore, Tokyo, London and New York.
MAN is a network of computers located at different sites within a large physical area, such as a city. Companies that have several branches within the Kuala Lumpur city such as banks, might find a MAN useful to them.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
First, you have to understand the word metropolitan. Metropolitan describes
important cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Singapore, Tokyo, London and New York.
MAN is a network of computers located at different sites within a large physical area, such as a city. Companies that have several branches within the Kuala Lumpur city such as banks, might find a MAN useful to them.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) (Lesson 71)
LESSON 71
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
Local Area Network (LAN) is the smallest network compared to the other two networks.
The simplest form of LAN is to connect two computers together.
LAN is operated within a limited physical area, such as at home, school, a single building or several buildings.
LAN is a very high speed network (from previously 10Mbps) to 100Mbps, which is faster than MAN and WAN.
Local Area Network is a group of computers and network devices connected together, usually within the same building.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
Local Area Network (LAN) is the smallest network compared to the other two networks.
The simplest form of LAN is to connect two computers together.
LAN is operated within a limited physical area, such as at home, school, a single building or several buildings.
LAN is a very high speed network (from previously 10Mbps) to 100Mbps, which is faster than MAN and WAN.
Local Area Network is a group of computers and network devices connected together, usually within the same building.
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